Health Legislation Amendment (Improved Medicare Integrity and Other Measures)

Current status

This bill became law on Sep 4th, 2025.

Policy area

Health, care & disability

What does this bill do?

The Act reduces the usual time limit for claims for bulk-billedA billing arrangement where a practitioner accepts the Medicare benefit as full payment so the patient does not pay an out-of-pocket amount for that service. Medicare and dental services from two years to one year, while preserving discretion to accept late claims in appropriate cases.

Why was it introduced?

The bill was introduced to continue the government’s response to the Philip ReviewThe Independent Review of Medicare Integrity and Compliance undertaken by Dr Pradeep Philip. The government cited it as a major reason for the Medicare integrity parts of the Act. of Medicare integrity and compliance, which identified limits in the compliance framework for detecting, investigating and responding to misconduct, fraud and non-compliance in health-benefit schemes. The official materials also say the bill was needed to manage therapeutic-goods shortages more effectively, strengthen enforcement for unlawful therapeutic and vaping goods, and make implementation fixes to the Tobacco Act after the government’s tobacco and vaping reforms.

Broader context

The Act sits at the intersection of three policy tracks: Medicare integrity reform after the Philip ReviewThe Independent Review of Medicare Integrity and Compliance undertaken by Dr Pradeep Philip. The government cited it as a major reason for the Medicare integrity parts of the Act., therapeutic-goods and vaping enforcement, and implementation of tobacco-product rules. Debate showed broad support for the bill’s integrity purpose, while amendments tried to use the bill to press wider health issues including dental care, prison health, therapeutic-goods approval transparency and Medicare photo identification.

Key criticism

Debate did not show a major party opposing the bill’s core Medicare integrity measures. Criticism mainly focused on whether the bill should have been scrutinised more closely, whether Medicare access and bulk billingA billing arrangement where a practitioner accepts the Medicare benefit as full payment so the patient does not pay an out-of-pocket amount for that service. were worsening despite the bill’s title, and whether the Senate should use the bill to add wider health-policy measures on dental care, custodial health care, photo identification and therapeutic-goods approval transparency.

Who supported it?

Senator Katy Gallagher, for the government introduced this bill. It passed on the voices.

Introduced in Senate 23 July 2025
Passed Senate 29 July 2025
Passed House 01 Sept 2025
Became law 04 Sept 2025

Did it become law?

Yes

Became law 04 Sept 2025

Final passage

Passed without a counted vote

5 recorded amendment or procedural votes were found, but no counted vote on the bill itself was recorded.

Passage speed

43 days

From introduction to the latest recorded parliamentary step

Official record

View on APH

Parliament of Australia bill page

What does this bill do?

  1. The Act reduces the usual time limit for claims for bulk-billedA billing arrangement where a practitioner accepts the Medicare benefit as full payment so the patient does not pay an out-of-pocket amount for that service. Medicare and dental services from two years to one year, while preserving discretion to accept late claims in appropriate cases.

  2. The Act broadens Medicare-related investigation powers so authorised officers can use a more consistent set of powers for suspected health-benefit fraud, including relevant Criminal Code offences and Pharmaceutical Benefits SchemeThe Commonwealth scheme that subsidises many medicines. The Act changes some investigative powers and pharmacy approval processes connected to pharmaceutical benefits. fraud offences.

  3. The Act streamlines pharmacy approval decisions under the National Health Act by replacing a two-stage ministerial discretion process with a single-stage process intended to take up to four months.

  4. The Act strengthens administrative inquiry and recovery powers for health-benefit payments, so decision-makers can obtain information about possible non-compliance and recover amounts that should not have been paid.

  5. The Act allows some Professional Services ReviewA Medicare compliance scheme for reviewing possible inappropriate practice by health practitioners. The Act changes how some material obtained through this scheme can be used. material to be used in more proceedings, including where material is referred to AhpraThe Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency. The Act allows some PSR-related material referred to Ahpra or a National Board to be used in health practitioner regulatory proceedings. or a National Board because of a significant threat to life or health or possible non-compliance with professional standards.

  6. The Act changes therapeutic-goods law so regulators can respond earlier to medicine, biological and medical-device shortages, including where substitutes may become unavailable or be in short supply in the reasonably foreseeable future.

  7. The Act also updates therapeutic-goods enforcement, vaping-goods rules and tobacco-product rules, including forfeiture arrangements, enforceable directions, state and territory information powers, vaping advertising provisions, sponsorship prohibitions and phase-in rules for tobacco product requirements.

Show source excerpts
  1. The Bill changes the usual maximum timeframe (from 2 years to 1 year) during which claims relating to bulk-billed Medicare and dental services may be made. ... The Minister ... and the Chief Executive Medicare ... will continue to have discretion to allow claims to be made after 1 year in appropriate circumstances.
    Explanatory memorandum
  2. The Bill amends the definition of relevant offence ... to enable a single, consistent suite of investigative powers in relation to Medicare fraud offences. The amended definition incorporates a greater number of criminal offences ... and the offences relating to PBS fraud in the National Health Act.
    Explanatory memorandum
  3. Under the National Health Act 1953, a pharmacist can request that the Minister ... exercise a discretion to approve the supply of pharmaceutical benefits at particular premises. This is currently a two-stage process, which can take up to six months. ... the two-stage process is proposed to be streamlined and condensed into a single-stage process of up to four months.
    Minister’s second reading speech
  4. These amendments ... are principally intended to improve powers to obtain information about potential non-compliance and readily ascertain amounts that should not have been paid. This will enhance the ability to recover payments if a health service is not performed in accordance with relevant requirements.
    Explanatory memorandum
  5. This will also allow Ahpra and Health Practitioner Boards to admit evidence in National Law proceedings if it was referred to them under the legislation for the reasons of a significant threat to life or health or non-compliance with professional standards.
    Minister’s second reading speech
  6. registered goods that could act as a substitute for the goods ... are unavailable or are in short supply; or ... may, in the reasonably foreseeable future, become unavailable or be in short supply.
    Enacted Act text
  7. The amendments to the Therapeutic Goods Act are principally intended to ... support compliance and enforcement activities ... in relation to both unlawful therapeutic goods and unlawful vaping goods. ... The Bill amends the Tobacco Act to ... ensure corporations are captured by tobacco and e-cigarette sponsorship prohibitions ... clarify the interaction between the Tobacco Act and the Therapeutic Goods Act regarding e-cigarette ... advertising prohibitions.
    Explanatory memorandum

Broader context for this bill

The Act sits at the intersection of three policy tracks: Medicare integrity reform after the Philip ReviewThe Independent Review of Medicare Integrity and Compliance undertaken by Dr Pradeep Philip. The government cited it as a major reason for the Medicare integrity parts of the Act., therapeutic-goods and vaping enforcement, and implementation of tobacco-product rules. Debate showed broad support for the bill’s integrity purpose, while amendments tried to use the bill to press wider health issues including dental care, prison health, therapeutic-goods approval transparency and Medicare photo identification.

  1. Nov 2022

    Government commissions Philip ReviewThe Independent Review of Medicare Integrity and Compliance undertaken by Dr Pradeep Philip. The government cited it as a major reason for the Medicare integrity parts of the Act.

    Parliamentary debate says the government commissioned the Independent Review of Medicare Integrity and ComplianceThe Independent Review of Medicare Integrity and Compliance undertaken by Dr Pradeep Philip. The government cited it as a major reason for the Medicare integrity parts of the Act. in November 2022 to respond to concerns about the operation of the Medicare system.

    Ministerial and Senate second reading speeches ↗
  2. 2023

    First Medicare integrity laws pass

    The minister’s second reading speech said two 2023 Professional Services ReviewA Medicare compliance scheme for reviewing possible inappropriate practice by health practitioners. The Act changes how some material obtained through this scheme can be used. Scheme Acts made priority amendments in response to the Philip ReviewThe Independent Review of Medicare Integrity and Compliance undertaken by Dr Pradeep Philip. The government cited it as a major reason for the Medicare integrity parts of the Act..

    Minister’s second reading speech ↗
  3. 2024-25 Budget

    Budget flags shorter bulk-bill claim window

    The minister’s speech described the one-year bulk-billedA billing arrangement where a practitioner accepts the Medicare benefit as full payment so the patient does not pay an out-of-pocket amount for that service. claims limit as a 2024-25 budget measure, and the explanatory memorandum said the measure was expected to save up to $33.6 million.

    Minister’s speech and explanatory memorandum ↗
  4. 01 Apr 2024

    Tobacco Act starts operating

    The second reading speech said the Public Health (Tobacco and Other Products) Act 2023 commenced on 1 April 2024, and this bill made implementation amendments to clarify its intended operation.

    Minister’s second reading speech ↗
  5. 06 Dec 2024

    Health ministers release prison health review

    Senator McAllister told the Senate that health ministers endorsed the release of the independent National Review of First Nations Health Care in Prisons and a joint response, which became part of the debate on Senator Thorpe’s amendments.

    Senate debate ↗
  6. Jan to Jun 2025

    Health groups consulted on integrity measures

    The explanatory memorandum says the department engaged with more than 30 health professional organisations and peak bodies about the Medicare integrity measures during January and June 2025.

    Explanatory memorandum ↗
  7. 23 July 2025

    Government introduces the bill

    Senator Katy Gallagher introduced the bill in the Senate with measures covering Medicare integrity, pharmacy approvals, therapeutic-goods shortages, vaping enforcement and tobacco implementation fixes.

    APH bill page and minister’s speech ↗
  8. 28 to 29 Jul 2025

    Senate rejects proposed amendments

    The Senate defeated amendments on senior dental benefits, prison health care, therapeutic-goods approval instruments and Medicare photo ID before passing the bill without amendment.

    Senate divisions and amendment sheets ↗

How did it move through Parliament?

House Senate
Introduced in the Senate 23 July 2025

The government introduced the bill in the Senate.

Introduced and read a first time

Second reading opened 23 July 2025

The chamber opened debate on the bill’s purpose and principles.

Second reading moved

Second reading debate 24 July 2025

Members or senators debated the bill and, in the Senate, proposed amendments on dental care, prison health, therapeutic-goods approvals and Medicare photo identification.

Second reading debate 28 July 2025

Members or senators debated the bill and, in the Senate, proposed amendments on dental care, prison health, therapeutic-goods approvals and Medicare photo identification.

Senate second reading agreed 28 July 2025

The chamber agreed to the bill at second reading, allowing it to proceed.

Second reading agreed to

Senate considered amendments 28 July 2025

The Senate considered committee-stage amendments before the bill was reported without amendment.

Committee of the Whole debate

Senate considered amendments 29 July 2025

The Senate considered committee-stage amendments before the bill was reported without amendment.

Committee of the Whole debate

Senate third reading agreed 29 July 2025

The chamber passed the bill at third reading.

Third reading agreed to

Introduced 29 July 2025

The bill was formally presented to the chamber and read a first time, which starts its parliamentary journey.

Introduced and read a first time

Second reading opened 25 Aug 2025

The chamber opened debate on the bill’s purpose and principles.

Second reading moved

Second reading debate 25 Aug 2025

Members or senators debated the bill and, in the Senate, proposed amendments on dental care, prison health, therapeutic-goods approvals and Medicare photo identification.

Scrutiny of Bills review 27 Aug 2025

The available local material confirms scrutiny committee consideration but does not provide enough detail to summarise any committee concerns.

Considered

APH bill page notes
Second reading debate 01 Sept 2025

Members or senators debated the bill and, in the Senate, proposed amendments on dental care, prison health, therapeutic-goods approvals and Medicare photo identification.

House second reading agreed 01 Sept 2025

The chamber agreed to the bill at second reading, allowing it to proceed.

Second reading agreed to

House third reading agreed 01 Sept 2025

The chamber passed the bill at third reading.

Third reading agreed to

Passed both houses 01 Sept 2025

Both houses passed the same text, completing parliamentary passage.

Finally passed both Houses

Royal Assent 04 Sept 2025

Royal Assent turned the bill into the Health Legislation Amendment (Improved Medicare Integrity and Other Measures) Act 2025.

Assent

The main case against this bill

Debate did not show a major party opposing the bill’s core Medicare integrity measures. Criticism mainly focused on whether the bill should have been scrutinised more closely, whether Medicare access and bulk billingA billing arrangement where a practitioner accepts the Medicare benefit as full payment so the patient does not pay an out-of-pocket amount for that service. were worsening despite the bill’s title, and whether the Senate should use the bill to add wider health-policy measures on dental care, custodial health care, photo identification and therapeutic-goods approval transparency.

Coalition speakers said they supported stronger administration of health-benefit schemes but wanted more scrutiny and used the debate to criticise the government’s wider Medicare record. Greens, independent and One Nation amendments were defeated and did not change the Act.

Call for more scrutiny

Coalition speakers supported measures to strengthen health-benefit administration but argued the bill’s effects and possible unintended consequences for healthcare professionals should receive Senate inquiry scrutiny.

Raised by Sussan Ley, Anne Webster and other Coalition speakers Source ↗

Medicare access concerns

Opposition speakers used the debate to argue that bulk billingA billing arrangement where a practitioner accepts the Medicare benefit as full payment so the patient does not pay an out-of-pocket amount for that service. and out-of-pocket costs had worsened, while government speakers argued the bill protected Medicare by improving payment integrity and compliance.

Raised by Coalition and government speakers Source ↗

Dental care outside Medicare

Greens speakers argued that Medicare could not be universal while dental care remained excluded, and Senator Steele-John moved a defeated amendment calling for a Senior Dental Benefits Scheme.

Raised by Jordon Steele-John and Stephen Bates Source ↗

Health care in custody

Senator Thorpe argued the bill should address health care for First Peoples and other people in custody, including access to Medicare-equivalent services and pharmaceutical benefits in prisons.

Raised by Lidia Thorpe Source ↗

Fraud controls and transparency

One Nation amendments sought government photographic identification for Medicare benefits and legislative-instrument treatment for certain therapeutic-goods approvals; both were defeated.

Raised by Pauline Hanson and Malcolm Roberts Source ↗

Recorded votes

How the bill itself passed

The bill passed both chambers on the voices. The counted divisions below were about amendments or procedure, not final passage.

Passed

Senate passed the bill

Senate agreed to the bill's third reading on the voices, so there is no list of individual Aye and No votes for final passage in that chamber.

29 July 2025

Passed on the voices

In a voice vote, members call out Aye or No and the presiding officer judges which side has it. Individual names are only recorded if a formal division is called.

Passed

House passed the bill

House agreed to the bill's third reading on the voices, so there is no list of individual Aye and No votes for final passage in that chamber.

01 Sept 2025

Passed on the voices

In a voice vote, members call out Aye or No and the presiding officer judges which side has it. Individual names are only recorded if a formal division is called.

Amendments at a glance

Amendments grouped by chamber. These cards include amendment outcomes recorded without a counted division.

Senate

Defeated

Call for senior dental benefits

Aye 14 No 38

Moved by Jordon Steele-John (Australian Greens). Defeated 14 to 38. Support came from Greens, Australia's Voice, and minor parties and independents. Opposition came from Labor, Liberal Party, One Nation, UAP, and minor parties and independents.

28 July 2025

The vote left the bill to proceed without adding the Greens’ requested statement on seniors dental care.

Party Recorded votes Aye / No
Labor 0 / 27
Greens 10 / 0
Liberal Party 0 / 6
Independent 3 / 0
One Nation 0 / 3
Australia's Voice 1 / 0
UAP 0 / 1
Unknown 0 / 1
Defeated

Call for prison health reform

Aye 13 No 34

Moved by Lidia Thorpe (Crossbench). Defeated 13 to 34. Support came from Greens and Australia's Voice. Opposition came from Labor, Liberal Party, One Nation, UAP, and minor parties and independents. Minor-party and independent votes were split.

28 July 2025

The vote left the bill to proceed without adding Senator Thorpe’s requested statement on health care for people in custody.

Party Recorded votes Aye / No
Labor 0 / 23
Greens 10 / 0
Liberal Party 0 / 6
Independent 2 / 1
One Nation 0 / 2
Australia's Voice 1 / 0
UAP 0 / 1
Unknown 0 / 1
Defeated

Require instrument approvals for goods

Aye 5 No 45

Moved by Malcolm Roberts (Pauline Hanson's One Nation). Defeated 5 to 45. Support came from One Nation, UAP, and minor parties and independents. Opposition came from Labor, Greens, Liberal Party, Australia's Voice, and minor parties and independents.

28 July 2025

The vote kept the bill’s existing approach to therapeutic goods shortage approvals rather than requiring those approvals to be legislative instruments.

Party Recorded votes Aye / No
Labor 0 / 24
Greens 0 / 10
Liberal Party 0 / 7
Independent 0 / 3
One Nation 3 / 0
Australia's Voice 0 / 1
UAP 1 / 0
Unknown 1 / 0
Defeated

Allow Medicare for prison services

Aye 13 No 35

Moved by Lidia Thorpe (Crossbench). Defeated 13 to 35. Support came from Greens and Australia's Voice. Opposition came from Labor, Liberal Party, One Nation, UAP, and minor parties and independents. Minor-party and independent votes were split.

28 July 2025

The vote meant the bill did not add the requested Medicare benefit pathway for specified custodial health services.

Party Recorded votes Aye / No
Labor 0 / 24
Greens 10 / 0
Liberal Party 0 / 5
Independent 2 / 1
One Nation 0 / 3
Australia's Voice 1 / 0
UAP 0 / 1
Unknown 0 / 1
Defeated

Require photo ID for Medicare

Aye 5 No 39

Moved by Pauline Hanson (Pauline Hanson's One Nation). Defeated 5 to 39. Support came from One Nation, UAP, and minor parties and independents. Opposition came from Labor, Greens, Liberal Party, Australia's Voice, and minor parties and independents.

29 July 2025

The vote meant the bill did not add a photo-identification condition to Medicare benefit payments.

Party Recorded votes Aye / No
Labor 0 / 23
Greens 0 / 10
Liberal Party 0 / 4
One Nation 3 / 0
Australia's Voice 0 / 1
Independent 0 / 1
UAP 1 / 0
Unknown 1 / 0
Defeated

Require prison medicine access

The Senate defeated Senator Thorpe’s amendment on voices; it would have required special arrangements for pharmaceutical benefits in prisons and places of detention.

Defeated on voices

The chamber decided this amendment without a counted division, so there is no list of individual Aye and No votes.

These are amendment votes, not the final passage vote on the bill itself. The bill passed both chambers on the voices.

Who spoke, and what they said

Start here — lead voices

Lead voice Unclear

Malarndirri McCarthy

Australian Labor Party • Senator 10 Feb 2025

Read in Hansard ↗

All speeches by bloc

Labor

27 speakers · 31 contributions · 27 unclear

  1. Lisa Darmanin No summary available.

    Australian Labor Party • Senator • 28 July 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  2. Richard Dowling No summary available.

    Australian Labor Party • Senator • 24 July 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  3. Helen Polley No summary available.

    Australian Labor Party • Senator • 24 July 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  4. Zhi Soon No summary available.

    Australian Labor Party • MP • 01 Sept 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  5. Mike Freelander No summary available.

    Australian Labor Party • MP • 25 Aug 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  6. Susan Templeman No summary available.

    Australian Labor Party • MP • 01 Sept 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  7. Deborah O'Neill No summary available.

    Australian Labor Party • Senator • 24 July 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  8. Michelle Ananda-Rajah No summary available.

    Australian Labor Party • Senator • 24 July 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  9. Tony Sheldon No summary available.

    Australian Labor Party • Senator • 28 July 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  10. Jerome Laxale No summary available.

    Australian Labor Party • MP • 01 Sept 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  11. Ellie Whiteaker No summary available.

    Australian Labor Party • Senator • 24 July 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  12. Dan Repacholi No summary available.

    Australian Labor Party • MP • 25 Aug 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  13. Rebecca White 2 contributions No summary available.

    Hansard records 2 separate contributions by Rebecca White on this bill. They are grouped here so the speaker is listed once.

  14. Katy Gallagher No summary available.

    Australian Labor Party • Senator • 23 July 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  15. Marielle Smith 2 contributions No summary available.

    Hansard records 2 separate contributions by Marielle Smith on this bill. They are grouped here so the speaker is listed once.

  16. Corinne Mulholland No summary available.

    Australian Labor Party • Senator • 28 July 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  17. Josh Dolega No summary available.

    Australian Labor Party • Senator • 28 July 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  18. Dorinda Cox 2 contributions No summary available.

    Hansard records 2 separate contributions by Dorinda Cox on this bill. They are grouped here so the speaker is listed once.

  19. Rob Mitchell No summary available.

    Australian Labor Party • MP • 05 Feb 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  20. Charlotte Walker No summary available.

    Australian Labor Party • Senator • 28 July 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  21. Jenny McAllister No summary available.

    Australian Labor Party • Senator • 28 July 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  22. Claire Clutterham 2 contributions No summary available.

    Hansard records 2 separate contributions by Claire Clutterham on this bill. They are grouped here so the speaker is listed once.

  23. Graham Perrett No summary available.

    Australian Labor Party • MP • 05 Feb 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  24. Ged Kearney No summary available.

    Australian Labor Party • MP • 05 Feb 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗

Coalition

12 speakers · 12 unclear

  1. Michael McCormack No summary available.

    National Party • MP • 01 Sept 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  2. Paul Scarr No summary available.

    Liberal Party • Senator • 28 July 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  3. Tim Wilson No summary available.

    Liberal Party • MP • 01 Sept 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  4. James McGrath No summary available.

    Liberal National Party • Senator • 24 July 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  5. Anne Webster No summary available.

    National Party • MP • 05 Feb 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  6. Richard Colbeck No summary available.

    Liberal Party • Senator • 24 July 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  7. Jenny Ware No summary available.

    Liberal Party • MP • 05 Feb 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  8. Anne Ruston No summary available.

    Liberal Party • Senator • 24 July 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  9. Jane Hume No summary available.

    Liberal Party • Senator • 28 July 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  10. Maria Kovacic No summary available.

    Liberal Party • Senator • 24 July 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  11. Melissa McIntosh No summary available.

    Liberal Party • MP • 25 Aug 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  12. Sussan Ley No summary available.

    Liberal Party • MP • 05 Feb 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗

Greens

2 speakers · 2 unclear

  1. Jordon Steele-John No summary available.

    Australian Greens • Senator • 24 July 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗
  2. Stephen Bates No summary available.

    Australian Greens • MP • 05 Feb 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗

Minor parties and independents

3 speakers · 5 contributions · 3 unclear

  1. Lidia Thorpe 2 contributions No summary available.

    Hansard records 2 separate contributions by Lidia Thorpe, including an amendment-moving contribution. They are grouped here so the speaker is listed once.

  2. Zali Steggall No summary available.

    Independent • MP • 01 Sept 2025

    Read the full speech in Hansard ↗

Full record

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