Australia already depended on imports for about 90 per cent of its liquid fuels, while the government had committed to a Critical MineralsListed minerals important to technology, energy or defence. Strategic ReserveGovernment-supported supplies kept or secured for disruptions. and a rare-earths project was seeking export-agency finance. The Middle East conflict then disrupted global energy supply chains, causing fuel price and supply shocks; the government responded by giving Export Finance AustraliaThe federal agency administering the new reserve powers. powers to secure, stockpile and sell fuel, critical mineralsListed minerals important to technology, energy or defence. and other vulnerable supplies, and Parliament passed the measure on 31 March before Royal Assent turned it into an Act on 1 April 2026.
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24 Apr 2025
Government commits to a Critical MineralsListed minerals important to technology, energy or defence. Strategic ReserveGovernment-supported supplies kept or secured for disruptions.
Prime Minister Anthony Albanese committed to establish a reserve to maximise the strategic value of Australia's critical mineralsListed minerals important to technology, energy or defence..
Export Finance and Insurance Corporation Amendment (Strategic Reserve) explanatory memorandum ↗
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12 Aug 2025
Arafura seeks export-agency funding for a rare-earths project
Arafura Rare Earths was reported to be seeking $100 million in funding from Australia's export agency, highlighting demand for support in critical-minerals supply chains.
Reuters ↗
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12 Jan 2026
Government announces the Critical MineralsListed minerals important to technology, energy or defence. Strategic ReserveGovernment-supported supplies kept or secured for disruptions.
The government announced the new reserve as part of its effort to strengthen Australia's position in vulnerable critical-minerals supply chains.
Export Finance and Insurance Corporation Amendment (Strategic Reserve) explanatory memorandum ↗
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March 2026
Middle East conflict disrupts global fuel supply chains
By 31 March, MPs said the conflict, including Iran's weaponisation of the Strait of Hormuz, had disrupted global energy markets and contributed to Australian fuel price and supply shocks.
Hansard ↗
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30 Mar 2026
Chris Bowen MP introduces the bill
Chris Bowen MP introduced the bill in the House of Representatives to create the Strategic ReserveGovernment-supported supplies kept or secured for disruptions. and expand Export Finance AustraliaThe federal agency administering the new reserve powers.'s role in securing vulnerable supplies.
Parliamentary timeline ↗
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31 Mar 2026
Parliament passes the bill
Both houses passed the bill in the same form, completing parliamentary passage of the Strategic ReserveGovernment-supported supplies kept or secured for disruptions. measure.
Parliamentary timeline ↗
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01 Apr 2026
Royal Assent turns the bill into an Act
The Governor-General gave Royal Assent, allowing the new Strategic ReserveGovernment-supported supplies kept or secured for disruptions. powers to operate as law.
Parliamentary timeline ↗